Tips & Tricks

How to Lay a Patio (Tips)

Tools & Materials You’ll Need:

Tools:

  • Spade or shovel
  • Rake
  • Spirit level
  • Tape measure
  • Rubber mallet
  • Plate compactor (you can rent one)
  • Trowel or pointing tool
  • Wheelbarrow
  • String line and pegs

Materials:

  • Patio slabs or pavers
  • Type 1 MOT hardcore (crushed stone)
  • Sharp sand or mortar mix
  • Cement (if using mortar)
  • Weed membrane (optional)

Step-by-Step Guide:

  1. Plan and Mark Out the Area
    • Use string and pegs to mark the patio boundaries.
    • Measure accurately and plan a slight slope (1:80 gradient) away from buildings for water drainage.
  2. Excavate the Area
    • Dig to a depth of about 150–200mm (6–8 inches):
    • 100mm for sub-base
    • 30–50mm for sand/mortar
    • 40–50mm for slab thickness
  3. Lay the Sub-base
    • Fill the area with 100mm of Type 1 MOT hardcore.
    • Rake level and compact using a plate compactor.
    • This provides a stable foundation and prevents sinking.
  4. Add a Sand or Mortar Bed
    • For dry laying (sand): Add 30–50mm of sharp sand and level it out.
    • For wet laying (mortar): Mix 5 parts sharp sand to 1 part cement. Lay about 30–40mm of mortar under each slab as you go.
  5. Lay the Slabs
    • Start at one corner (typically the highest point).
    • Place each slab on the bed and tap gently with a rubber mallet.
    • Use a spirit level to ensure consistent slope and alignment.
    • Leave a 10–15mm gap between slabs for jointing.
  6. Cutting Slabs (if needed)
    • Use a disc cutter or angle grinder with a diamond blade.
    • Wear safety goggles, gloves, and a dust mask.
  7. Joint the Patio
    • Once slabs are set (24–48 hours if wet-laid), fill gaps with:
    • Dry sand brushed in (for dry lay)
    • Mortar or jointing compound (for wet lay)
  8. Clean and Seal (Optional)
    • Sweep clean.
    • Apply a patio sealant for added weather protection and easier maintenance.

Tips:

  • Check levels constantly to keep everything even.
  • Mix mortar in small batches to prevent it from drying out.
  • Consider installing edge restraints if the patio is not enclosed.